Colorectal Cancer and Other Familial Cancers ~ Articles2day.Org

Colorectal Cancer
The two major forms of hereditary colon cancer are hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Criteria for diagnosing HNPCC include three relatives with colorectal cancer (one of them being a first-degree relative), involvement in two generations, and one relative with colorectal cancer diagnosed before age 50. HNPCC accounts for 2% to 15% of colon cancers. Four separate genes are associated with the condition. Management includes annual colonoscopy beginning at age 25 or when the patient is 10 years younger than the youngest relative discovered to have colon cancer. Flexible sigmoidoscopy is inadequate. Women should undergo transvaginal ultrasonography or endometrial biopsy annually. FAP, characterized by the appearance of hundreds of adenomas in the large bowel, accounts for 0.5% of colon cancers. Colon cancer develops in virtually 100% of patients with untreated FAP. Removal of the colon decreases the risk to 10%. Both HNPCC and FAP have been associated with tumor suppressor genes (which have been identified).

Other Familial Cancers
A list of hallmarks for familial cancer is given in Table 16.3. If a family has a tendency for cancer, it is prudent to consult a geneticist certified by the American Board of Genetic Counseling (a list is available from the National Society of Genetic Counselors, 233 Canterbury Drive, Wallingford, PA 19080).

Source: http://www.articles2day.org/2012/07/colorectal-cancer-and-other-familial.html

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